Forms of violence
There are different forms of violence. Those affected by violence usually experience several forms at the same time.
Physical violence
Physical violence includes all actions in which pain and/or injuries are inflicted on a person through direct physical attack. This can happen through hitting, kicking, pushing, or holding.
It is prohibited and can be prosecuted.
Physical violence sometimes happens at home, at school, or on the street.
Psychological violence
Psychological abuse is often not directly visible, but it is still very harmful.
It is also forbidden and can have serious consequences for those affected. It often starts with insults, abuse, and devaluation. Psychological violence can escalate to coercion or threats. But also constant persuasion to take responsibility for your own temper tantrums or, for example, your own alcohol consumption. Psychological violence deliberately targets your self-esteem and tries to undermine your confidence in your own perception. Sentences like «you are crazy,» «you're just imagining things,» or «no one will believe you» are examples of this.
Psychological violence is not comprehensively included in the Victim Assistance Act. According to the Victim Assistance Act, a criminal offense must be present in the form of, for example, a threat or coercion.
If you are unsure whether you are a victim of psychological violence, call us and we will gladly clarify it with you.
Stalking/cyberstalking
Stalking is when someone constantly follows or harasses another person. This can be through constant calls, messages, or repeatedly showing up at their home.
Cyberstalking happens online. For example, through persistent messages on social media, location tracking (like on Snapchat), or creating fake profiles to contact you.
Both can cause stress, anxiety, and uncertainty for those affected. Stalking and cyberstalking are prohibited and can be reported and prosecuted from 2026.
Sexualized violence
Sexual violence occurs when someone is forced into sexual acts they do not consent to. The act is carried out without the consent and against the will of the person affected. This can happen through physical touch, but also through words (suggestive remarks).
Sexual violence can have severe psychological and physical consequences. It is prohibited and punishable by law.